Biography Of Ambedkar In Hindi:भारत के महानायक, संविधान निर्माता और पहले कानून मंत्री डॉ भीमराव रामजी आंबेडकर की आज 66वीं पुण्यतिथि मनाई जा रही है। बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर ने लंदन स्कूल ऑफ इकोनॉमिक्स में 8 साल की पढ़ाई सिर्फ 2 साल 3 महीने में पूरी कर ली थी। डॉ बाबासाहेब अंबेडकर 64 विषयों में मास्टर डिग्री प्राप्त की। उन्हें हिंदी-अग्रेजी के अलावा अन्य 9 भाषाओं का भी ज्ञान था। डॉ बीआर आंबेडकर का जीवन बड़ा ही संघर्षों भरा रहा, लेकिन उन्होंने अपनी कड़ी महनत से यह साबित कर दिया कि यदि मन से संकल्प किया जाए तो हर कार्य संभव है। आइए जानते हैं डॉ बीआर आंबेडकर की जीवनी के बारे में।
डॉ भीमराव आंबेडकर का प्रोफ़ाइल
· जन्म: 14 अप्रैल, 1891
· जन्म स्थान: मध्य प्रांत (वर्तमान में मध्य प्रदेश) में महू
· माता-पिता: रामजी मालोजी सकपाल (पिता) और भीमाबाई मुरबडकर सकपाल (मां)
· पति या पत्नी: रमाबाई अम्बेडकर (1906-1935); डॉ. शारदा कबीर ने सविता अम्बेडकर का नाम बदला
(1948-1956)
· शिक्षा: एल्फिंस्टन हाई स्कूल, बॉम्बे विश्वविद्यालय, कोलंबिया विश्वविद्यालय, लंदन स्कूल ऑफ इकोनॉमिक्स
· संघ: समता सैनिक दल, इंडिपेंडेंट लेबर पार्टी, अनुसूचित जाति संघ
· राजनीतिक विचारधारा: दक्षिणपंथी; समानता
· धार्मिक विश्वास: जन्म से हिंदू धर्म; बौद्ध धर्म 1956 के बाद
· प्रकाशन: अस्पृश्यता और अस्पृश्यता पर निबंध, जाति का विनाश, वीजा की प्रतीक्षा
· निधन: 6 दिसंबर, 1956
· पोता: प्रकाश अम्बेडकर
डॉ बीआर अम्बेडकर पुरस्कार / सम्मान
बोधिसत्व (1956)
भारत रत्न (1990)
अपने समय से पहले पहला कोलंबियाई (2004)
द ग्रेटेस्ट इंडियन (2012)
अम्बेडकर की राजनीतिक पार्टी
अनुसूचित जाति संघ
अम्बेडकर की राजनीतिक पार्टी
अनुसूचित जाति संघ
इंडिपेंडेंट लेबर पार्टी
रिपब्लिकन पार्टी ऑफ इंडिया
(डॉ भीमराव आंबेडकर जीवनी)Biography Of Ambedkar In Hindi
बाबा साहब डॉ. भीमराव अम्बेडकर का जन्म 14 अप्रैल 1891 को मध्य प्रदेश के महू में हुआ था। वे अपने माता-पिता की चौदहवीं संतान थे। डॉ भीमराव अंबेडकर का जीवन संघर्षों से भरा रहा। लेकिन उन्होंने यह साबित कर दिया कि प्रतिभा और दृढ़ निश्चय से जीवन की हर बाधा पर विजय पाई जा सकती है। उनके जीवन में सबसे बड़ी बाधा हिंदू समाज द्वारा अपनाई गई जाति व्यवस्था थी, जिसके अनुसार वह जिस परिवार में पैदा हुए थे उन्हें 'अछूत' माना जाता था। वर्ष 1908 में युवा भीमराव ने बंबई विश्वविद्यालय से मैट्रिक की परीक्षा अच्छे अंकों से पास की। चार साल बाद उन्होंने बॉम्बे विश्वविद्यालय से राजनीति विज्ञान और अर्थशास्त्र में स्नातक किया और बड़ौदा में नौकरी कर ली। लगभग उसी समय उनके पिता का निधन हो गया। हालांकि वह बुरे समय से गुज़र रहे थे, भीमराव ने कोलंबिया विश्वविद्यालय में आगे की पढ़ाई के लिए अमरीका जाने का अवसर स्वीकार करने का फैसला किया, जिसके लिए उन्हें बड़ौदा के महाराजा द्वारा छात्रवृत्ति प्रदान की गई। भीमराव 1913 से 1917 तक और फिर 1920 से 1923 तक विदेश में रहे। इस अवधि के दौरान उन्होंने खुद को एक प्रतिष्ठित बुद्धिजीवी के रूप में स्थापित कर लिया था।
कोलंबिया विश्वविद्यालय ने उन्हें उनकी थीसिस के लिए पीएचडी से सम्मानित किया था, जिसे बाद में "ब्रिटिश भारत में प्रांतीय वित्त का विकास" शीर्षक के तहत एक पुस्तक के रूप में प्रकाशित किया गया था। लेकिन उनका पहला प्रकाशित लेख "भारत में जातियां - उनका तंत्र, उत्पत्ति और विकास" था। 1920 से 1923 तक लंदन में अपने प्रवास के दौरान, उन्होंने अपनी थीसिस भी पूरी की जिसका शीर्षक था "रुपये की समस्या" जिसके लिए उन्हें डीएससी की उपाधि से सम्मानित किया गया था। लंदन जाने से पहले उन्होंने बॉम्बे के एक कॉलेज में पढ़ाया था और मराठी भी निकाली थी। साप्ताहिक जिसका शीर्षक 'मूक नायक' (अर्थ 'गूंगा हीरो') था।
अप्रैल 1923 में जब वे भारत लौटे, तब तक डॉ. भीमराव अंबेडकर अछूतों और दलितों की ओर से अस्पृश्यता की प्रथा के खिलाफ युद्ध छेड़ने के लिए खुद को पूरी तरह से तैयार कर चुके थे। इस बीच भारत में राजनीतिक स्थिति में काफी बदलाव आया था और देश में स्वतंत्रता संग्राम ने महत्वपूर्ण प्रगति की थी। भीमराव जहां एक ओर प्रखर देशभक्त थे, वहीं दूसरी ओर वे दबे-कुचले, महिलाओं और गरीबों के रक्षक थे। वे जीवन भर उनके लिए संघर्ष करते रहे। 1923 में उन्होंने 'बहिष्कृत हितकारिणी सभा' (आउटकास्ट वेलफेयर एसोसिएशन) की स्थापना की, जो दलितों के बीच शिक्षा और संस्कृति का प्रसार करने, आर्थिक स्थिति में सुधार करने और उनकी समस्याओं से संबंधित मामलों को उचित मंचों पर उठाने और उन पर ध्यान केंद्रित करने और खोजने के लिए समर्पित थी।
उसी का समाधान। दलितों की समस्याएं सदियों पुरानी थीं और उन्हें दूर करना मुश्किल था। मंदिरों में उनका प्रवेश वर्जित था। वे सार्वजनिक कुओं और तालाबों से पानी नहीं भर सकते थे। विद्यालयों में उनके प्रवेश पर रोक लगा दी गई थी। 1927 में उन्होंने अछूतों को सार्वजनिक टैंक से पानी निकालने का अधिकार देने के लिए बॉम्बे के पास कोलाबा में चौदार टैंक में महाड मार्च का नेतृत्व किया, जहां उन्होंने 'मनुस्मृति' की प्रतियां सार्वजनिक रूप से जलाईं। इसने जाति-विरोधी और पुरोहित-विरोधी आंदोलन की शुरुआत को चिन्हित किया। 1930 में कालाराम मंदिर, नासिक में डॉ. अम्बेडकर द्वारा शुरू किया गया मंदिर प्रवेश आंदोलन मानव अधिकारों और सामाजिक न्याय के संघर्ष में एक और मील का पत्थर है। 2 इस बीच, रामसे मैकडॉनल्ड ने 'सांप्रदायिक पुरस्कार' की घोषणा की, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप 'दलित वर्गों' सहित कई समुदायों को अलग निर्वाचक मंडल का अधिकार दिया गया। यह अंग्रेजों की बांटो और राज करो की समग्र योजना का एक हिस्सा था।
गांधीजी इस डिजाइन को पराजित करना चाहते थे और इसका विरोध करने के लिए आमरण अनशन पर चले गए। 24 सितंबर 1932 को, डॉ. अम्बेडकर और गांधीजी के बीच एक समझौता हुआ, जो प्रसिद्ध पूना समझौता बन गया। इस समझौते के अनुसार, चुनावी क्षेत्रों पर समझौते के अलावा, सरकारी नौकरियों और विधान सभाओं में अछूतों के लिए आरक्षण प्रदान किया गया था। पृथक निर्वाचक मंडल के प्रावधान को समाप्त कर दिया गया। संधि ने देश के राजनीतिक परिदृश्य पर दलितों के लिए एक स्पष्ट और निश्चित स्थिति तैयार की। इसने उनके लिए शिक्षा और सरकारी सेवा के अवसर खोले और उन्हें वोट देने का अधिकार भी दिया। डॉ. अम्बेडकर ने लंदन में तीनों गोलमेज सम्मेलनों में भाग लिया और हर बार, 'अछूत' के हित में अपने विचारों को बलपूर्वक पेश किया। उन्होंने दलित वर्गों को अपने जीवन स्तर को ऊपर उठाने और यथासंभव राजनीतिक शक्ति हासिल करने का आह्वान किया। उनका विचार था कि हिंदू धर्म में अछूतों का कोई भविष्य नहीं है और जरूरत पड़ने पर उन्हें अपना धर्म बदल लेना चाहिए। 1935 में, उन्होंने सार्वजनिक रूप से घोषणा की, "मैं एक हिंदू के रूप में पैदा हुआ था क्योंकि मेरा इस पर कोई नियंत्रण नहीं था, लेकिन मैं एक हिंदू नहीं मरूंगा। थोड़ी देर के बाद डॉ. अम्बेडकर ने इंडिपेंडेंट लेबर पार्टी का गठन किया, प्रांतीय चुनावों में भाग लिया और निर्वाचित हुए।
इन दिनों उन्होंने 'जागीरदारी' व्यवस्था को समाप्त करने की आवश्यकता पर जोर दिया, श्रमिकों के लिए संघर्ष करने की वकालत की और बंबई प्रेसीडेंसी में बड़ी संख्या में बैठकों और सम्मेलनों को संबोधित किया। 1939 में, द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के दौरान, उन्होंने नाजीवाद को हराने के लिए भारतीयों से बड़ी संख्या में सेना में शामिल होने का आह्वान किया, जिसे उन्होंने फासीवाद का दूसरा नाम बताया। 1947 में जब भारत स्वतंत्र हुआ, तो पहले प्रधान मंत्री पं। जवाहरलाल नेहरू ने डॉ अम्बेडकर को, जो बंगाल से संविधान सभा के सदस्य के रूप में चुने गए थे, कानून मंत्री के रूप में अपने मंत्रिमंडल में शामिल होने के लिए आमंत्रित किया। डॉ अम्बेडकर के हिंदू कोड बिल को लेकर सरकार के साथ मतभेद थे, जिसके कारण उन्हें कानून मंत्री के पद से इस्तीफा देना पड़ा। संविधान सभा ने संविधान का मसौदा तैयार करने का काम एक समिति को सौंपा और डॉ अम्बेडकर को इस प्रारूप समिति के अध्यक्ष के रूप में चुना गया। जब वे संविधान का मसौदा तैयार करने में व्यस्त थे, तब भारत को कई संकटों का सामना करना पड़ा। देश ने विभाजन देखा और महात्मा गांधी की हत्या कर दी गई। 1948 की शुरुआत में, डॉ. अम्बेडकर ने संविधान का मसौदा पूरा किया और इसे संविधान सभा में पेश किया। नवंबर 1949 में इस मसौदे को बहुत कम संशोधनों के साथ अपनाया गया था। अनुसूचित जातियों, अनुसूचित जनजातियों और पिछड़े वर्गों के लिए सामाजिक न्याय सुनिश्चित करने के लिए संविधान में कई प्रावधान किए गए हैं।
Summary in English
Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, a national hero of India, the creator of the constitution, and the nation's first law minister, is commemorated today on the occasion of his 67th death anniversary. In barely two years and three months, Babasaheb Ambedkar finished his eight years of education at the London School of Economics. In 64 topics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar earned a master's degree. He was fluent in nine additional languages in addition to Hindi and English. Despite the difficulties he faced throughout his life, Dr. BR Ambedkar showed through his perseverance that everything is possible with a determined mind.
(NOW LETS SEE IN ENGLISH)
Popularly known as Babasaheb, Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891–1956) was an Indian jurist, economist, politician, and social reformer who served as an inspiration for the Dalit Buddhist movement and fought against social discrimination against Untouchables (Dalits), as well as for the rights of women and workers. He was the chief architect of the Indian Constitution and the country's first minister of law after independence.
Birth and Greatness Predicted for Him
A son was born to Bhimabai and Ramji Ambadvekar on April 14, 1891. The greatest position an Indian could hold at the time while living under British authority was held by his father Ramji, an army officer stationed in Mhow in Madhya Pradesh.
His mother chose the name Bhim for her kid. Ramji's uncle, a guy leading a sanyasi lifestyle, had predicted that this son would become famous all over the world before he was even born. His parents had a large family. They made the decision to try their best to provide him with a good education despite it.
Ambedkar's early years and first school
Ramji retired from the army two years later, and the family relocated to Dapoli in the Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra, where they had originally come from. When Bhim was five years old, he started attending school. On the meagre army pension Ramji received, the entire family had to fight to make ends meet.
Things appeared to be improving for the family when some acquaintances helped Ramji land a job in Satara, and they moved once more. However, catastrophe came soon after. Bhimabai passed away after becoming unwell. Despite being in poor health herself, Bhim's aunt Mira took over the care of the kids. Ramji sung devotional songs to his kids and read them stories from the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Bhim, his siblings, and he were still able to enjoy their home life in this way. He was always conscious of his father's impact. He learned about the extensive cultural traditions that all Indians share through it.
Casteism: The Shock of Prejudice
Bhim started to realise how his family and himself were treated differently. He was forced to use a rough mat in the corner of the classroom at high school, far from the other students' desks. He was not permitted to use the glasses his fellow students used to sip water during playtime. The school nurse poured water into his cupped hands, which he had to hold out.
What was wrong with him that he should be treated differently, Bhim wondered?He and his older brother once had to fly to Goregaon to spend a summer vacation where their father worked as a cashier. Ramji did not show up after they got off the train and waited for a while at the station. The station master appeared friendly and inquired about their identities and destinations.
The boys were exceptionally well-groomed, tidy, and courteous. Without thinking, Bhim informed the man that they were Mahars—a class of people known as "untouchables." The station master was astounded; his face took on a kind appearance as he left.Before taxis had motors, Bhim decided to hire a bullock-cart to transport the boys to their father. However, the cart-men refused to transport the boys because they had heard that they were 'untouchables'.
Finally, they had to consent to paying twice as much for the trip as was customary and driving the cart themselves while the driver walked beside it. He feared the youngsters, who were 'untouchables,' would contaminate him.He was persuaded, nevertheless, that he could have his cart "purified" later thanks to the extra cash! Bhim was continually reflecting on what had happened throughout the expedition, but he was baffled by its significance. Both he and his brother were well-groomed and clean.
Yet everything they touched and everyone who touched them was intended to be contaminated and become dirty. How is that even conceivable?Bhim never forgot what happened. As he grew older, he came to understand that what Hindu society referred to as "untouchability" was foolish, cruel, and illogical. His sister had to trim his hair because the local barbers were reluctant to handle a "untouchable" for fear of getting contaminated.
She would have no choice but to respond, "That's how it's always been," if he questioned her why they were "untouchables." This response was insufficient to satisfy Bhim. He understood that just because something has always been a certain way, it does not follow that it must always be that way. It might be altered.
Outstanding Academician
With his mother gone and his father working far from the village where Bhim attended school at this tender age, he was fortunate. Despite being from a "high" caste, his teacher really liked him. Seeing what a bright student Bhim was, he applauded his hard work and gave him encouragement. The majority of upper caste Hindus would have been outraged by his invitation for Bhim to join him for lunch.
The instructor also altered Bhim's last name to his own, Ambedkar.Bhim was devastated when his father wanted to remarry because he still deeply mourned his mother. He attempted to steal his aunt's purse in order to flee to Bombay. When he finally succeeded in getting a hold of it, he discovered only one extremely little coin. Bhim was so embarrassed. After returning the coin, he vowed to himself to work extremely hard in school and develop independence.Soon, all of his teachers were praising and admiring him to the fullest degree.
They asked Ramji to ensure that Bhim received the best education possible. Ramji thereafter relocated to Bombay with his family. Bhim was able to attend Elphinstone High School, one of the top schools in all of India, despite the fact that they all had to live in a single room in a neighbourhood where the poorest of the poor lived.Everyone and everything was packed into their small space, and the nearby streets were quite noisy. When Bhim returned from school, he fell asleep. Then, around two in the morning, his father would rouse him up! He was able to read and complete his schoolwork in peace because it was calm at the time.
Even at his prestigious school, Bhim discovered that he was still referred to as a "untouchable" and treated as though something made him different and terrible in the great metropolis where life was more advanced than in the villages.
He was asked to perform a calculation on the chalkboard one day by the teacher. The other boys all sprang up and started to fuss. They had piled up their lunch boxes behind the chalkboard because they were afraid Bhim would contaminate it. He was informed that it was against the law for "untouchables" to learn Sanskrit, the language of the Hindu holy texts. He was forced to study Persian instead, but he later taught himself Sanskrit.
Marriage and matriculation
Bhim eventually aced his matriculation exam. He had already attracted the curiosity of several people who wanted to make society better. He was the first "untouchable" from his community to pass the exam, so when he did, a conference was called to celebrate him.Then, Bhim was 17 years old. He married Ramabai in the same year because early marriage was usual in those days.
He persisted in studying diligently and did quite well on the subsequent Intermediate exam. Ramji, however, discovered that he was unable to continue paying the tuition. Bhim was referred to the Maharaja Gaekwad of Baroda by someone who was concerned about his development.A monthly scholarship was given to him by the Shahu Maharaja.
This enabled Bhimrao (the title "rao" is added to names in Maharashtra as a mark of respect) to successfully complete his B.A. in 1912. After that, he was granted a post in the civil service, but he had to return home to Bombay just two weeks after starting. Ramji was in critical condition and passed very quickly. He had given his son everything he could, establishing the groundwork for Bhimrao's future successes.
Education completed - Untouchables of India's leadership
With the aid of friends, he was able to return to London in 1920 and finish his economics coursework at the LSE. At Gray's Inn, he enrolled in the Barrister programme as well. Bhimrao, who may have been the first Indian to hold a doctorate from this renowned university, returned to India in 1923 with a degree in economics from the LSE. Additionally, he was admitted as a Barrister at Law.
He was aware that nothing had changed when he was in India.Regarding the practise of Untouchability, his credentials were meaningless, and it was still a barrier to his professional success. He was, nonetheless, ideally suited to serve as a Dalit community leader because he had access to the best education available anywhere in the world. On an equal footing, he could debate and persuade the brightest minds of his era. As a legal expert and persuasive speaker, he could testify with authority before British commissions. The remainder of Bhimrao's life was devoted to his mission.
He became known as Babasaheb Ambedkar to his growing group of followers, the so-called "untouchables" he pushed to awaken. In 1924, recognising the relevance and significance of education, he established the Bahiskrit Hitakarini Sabha. It also created free libraries, lodgings, and schools. Everyone needed access to education if the lives of Dalits were to improve. The need for opportunities at the local level was necessary since knowledge is power.
the Indian Constitution's author
Babasaheb Ambedkar was chosen to serve in the Constituent Assembly after the war to decide how India, a nation of millions of people, should be governed. How ought elections should be conducted? What are the people's rights? How should laws be created? It was necessary to make legislation and make decisions about such significant issues.
All of these issues are addressed and rules are set forth in the Constitution.Babasaheb Ambedkar was appointed First Law Minister of Independent India in August 1947, after India attained independence. He was designated chairman of the committee by the Constituent Assembly to draw the constitution of the greatest democracy in the world.He was the most qualified individual for this job thanks to his extensive studies in politics, economics, and law.
It was crucial to study the constitutions of many nations, have a thorough understanding of the law, and be knowledgeable about the history of India and Indian society. In actuality, he was the sole bearer of the load. He could do this enormous duty by himself.Babasaheb became unwell after completing the Draft Constitution.
He met Dr. Sharda Kabir at a Bombay nursing home, and they were wed in April 1948. He presented the Draft Constitution to the Constituent Assembly on November 4, 1948, and on November 26, 1949, it was approved in the name of the Indian people. On that occasion, he declared: "I appeal to all Indians to be a nation by eschewing castes, which have divided society and bred resentment and hatred."
La death de Babasaheb Ambedkar
On December 6, 1956, just seven weeks later, Babasaheb Ambedkar passed away at his home in Delhi. His corpse was brought to Bombay. The funeral procession was a two-mile long line of people. That nightfall, illustrious figures paid their homage to him at Dadar graveyard. Buddhist rituals were followed for lighting the fire. A million and fifty people saw it. The location is currently referred to as "Chaitya Bhoomi."
One of India's most famous sons passed away in this manner. His responsibility was to educate India's millions of marginalised and disadvantaged people about their human rights. He witnessed their anguish and the evil perpetrated against them. He surmounted the challenges and joined the best men of his era on an equal basis. Through the Constitution, he was a key contributor to the development of modern India.His work and vision are still in progress today, and we must not stop until we see an India that is truly democratic, with equal citizens coexisting in harmony.